Minggu, 28 Juli 2019

Hard Disk Tidak Terdeteksi BIOS

Begini Cara Mengatasinya :

Memperbaiki Hard Disk Tidak Terdeteksi di BIOS | Entah di laptop atau di PC, kemungkinan BIOS tidak mengenali hard disk terpasang tetap ada. Meski kemungkinan kejadian ini lebih sering dialami PC desktop. Mungkin karena laptop itu memakai baterai sebagai catu daya utamanya, sehingga hard disk lebih jarang tersiksa karena mati mendadak ketika listrik mati. Meskipun kemungkinan hard disk terkena guncangan keras karena laptop terjatuh dan terbentur dengan keras juga bisa membuat hard disk tidak dikenali lagi.
Biasanya, hard disk menjadi tidak terdeteksi BIOS itu ketika kita memasang peralatan tambahan, seperti hard disk baru, drive DVD/RW, RAM atau yang lain. Terkadang juga setelah kita menginstall aplikasi baru yang tidak sepenuhnya compatible dengan OS yang kita pakai. Bisa juga karena kita keliru ketika menjalankan aplikasi utility optimasi hard disk. Kemungkinan lain, dan ini paling sering, setelah komputer kita terpaksa mati karena listrik padam. Untuk hard disk laptop, kemungkinannya lebih kecil terjadi.
Bagaimana cara memperbaiki harddisk yang tidak terbaca?

Pastikan hard disk mendapat catu daya

Kita mulai dari yang paling sederhana dulu. Catu daya hard disk. Terkadang, saking panik atau gugup, kita tidak cermat memasang kabel daya yang benar dari Power Supply. Kalau kabel dari PSU cukup, berikan satu konektor untuk satu hard disk. Bisa saja karena PSU-nya bermasalah sehingga arus yang dikeluarkan tidak optimal. Kalau sudah, pastikan konektornya terpasang dengan benar. Hard disk kan biasanya terletak di depan, nah, ketika kita pasang peralatan yang lain bisa saja kabel dari PSU tersenggol sehingga arusnya tidak bagus. Sepele, tapi itu bisa terjadi.

Periksa jumper setting hard disk anda jadi master atau slave

Pastikan setting master dan slave harddisk tepat seperti yang diinginkan. Jika hard disk anda dua atau lebih, gunakan setting yang benar.

Periksa kabel IDE

Kalau kabel IDE anda mempunyai 3 konektor, maka konektor yang terletak diujung diperuntukkan sebagai master. Sedangkan konektor di tengah, akan dianggap sebagai slave. Periksa juga apakah kabel tersebut berfungsi dengan baik.

Periksa pengaturan di BIOS

Coba lihat pada Integrated Peripheral, biasanya terdapat pilihan untuk IDE controller. Di sini juga terdapat pilihan untuk setting controller harddisk SATA. Sekiranya Anda mengalami masalah serupa, saat ingin menambahkan harddisk baru ber-interface SATA. Khusus untuk harddisk SATA dan Windows, jangan lupa untuk menginstalasi driver yang biasanya disertakan oleh produsen motherboard. Atau updatenya, tergantung chipset motherboard yang digunakannya.
Jika hard disk anda tidak rusak parah, biasanya sampai langkah ini BIOS sudah bisa mengenalinya. Nah, terkadang, meski BIOS sudah mau mendeteksi, tapi Windows tetap tidak bisa membacanya. Terkadang, kita sudah mau nekat install ulang Windows tetap saja tidak mau. Harus bagaimana?

Jika anda bisa booting, entah pakai Hard disk eksternal, flash disk atau CD installer, coba yang berikut ini:
  • Format hard disk anda dengan perintah FORMAT C: /C
  • Jika masih gagal, gunakan modul Disk Manager dari pembuat hard disk yang anda pakai. Coba cari di situs resminya, atau Googling saja dulu.
  • Jika masih tidak mau juga, download modul HDDREG.
  • Kalau masih bandel juga, coba Low Level Format
Perhatian:
  • Perintah FORMAT di atas, jika berhasil akan membuat seluruh data di C: hilang.
  • Tidak ada jaminan hard disk anda akan pulih seperti baru. Perbedaan langkah sedikit saja bisa mempengaruhi hasilnya.
  • Meski bisa dikategorikan, kerusakan hard disk bisa ditangani dengan banyak variasi dan aplikasi yang berbeda-beda.
  • Lakukan dengan sadar dan jangan panik. Saya tidak bertanggung jawab atas kehilangan data, kerusakan permanen hard disk anda, dan sebagainya.

Minggu, 21 April 2019

Cara Install Elementary OS Loki (Panduan Lengkap)

Cara Install Elementary OS Loki (Panduan Lengkap)
Cara Install Elementary OS Loki (Panduan Lengkap) – Jika kamu sering baca-baca artikel di Androbuntu, kamu pasti sering membaca artikel tentang elementary OS. Entah itu review aplikasi, tips maupun trik menggunakan elementary OS.
Elementary OS sendiri adalah distro linux turunan dari Ubuntu. Saat ini telah mencapai versi 0.4 dengan kode nama Loki.
Elementary OS Loki menggunakan Ubuntu 16.04 sebagai basisnya.
Nah, pada artikel kali ini saya akan membuat tutorial mengenai cara install elementary OS step by step dari awal sampai akhir.

Cara Install Elementary OS Loki (Panduan Lengkap)

Untuk kamu yang tertarik untuk menginstall elementary OS di laptop atau PC, berikut ini adalah beberapa hal perlu kamu persiapkan:
  • File ISO elementary OS yang bisa kamu download di website resminya disini.
  • Flashdisk 4GB atau lebih untuk media installasi.
  • Etcher, Rufus, UNetbootin atau software semacamnya.
  • Tora Bika Creamy Latte biar ngga bete.
Jika semua bahan diatas sudah siap, selanjutnya adalah buat flashdisk installasi elementary OS dengan menggunakan Etcher. Caranya bisa kamu baca dibawah ini.
Setelah kamu mengikuti tutorial diatas, maka sekarang flashdisk kamu sudah bisa digunakan untuk menginstall elementary OS. Hubungkan flashdisk ke laptop.
Setelah itu boot laptop atau PC dengan flashdisk tersebut. Kamu bisa menggunakan tombol F9, F10, F11, atau lainnya. Tergantung dari merk laptop yang kamu gunakan.
Setelah boot dari flashdisk, maka kamu akan segera masuk ke menu installasi elementary OS. Terlihat seperti gambar dibawah ini.
Cara Install Elementary OS Loki (Panduan Lengkap)
Klik tombol “Install elementary”. Kemudian kamu akan melihat tampilan seperti dibawah ini. Untuk mempercepat proses installasi, jangan centang satupun opsi.
Langsung saja klik tombol “Continue”.
Cara Install Elementary OS Loki (Panduan Lengkap)
Kemudian kamu akan melihat beberapa pilihan, pilih “Erase disk and install elementary”. Dengan opsi ini, kamu akan menginstall elementary OS secara single boot.
Sedangkan untuk kamu yang ingin menginstall elementary OS secara dualboot, kamu bisa memilih opsi “Something else” dan memilih di partisi mana ingin menginstall elementary OS.
Jika sudah, klik tombol “Install Now”.
Cara Install Elementary OS Loki (Panduan Lengkap)
Kemudian akan muncul jendela kecil berisi peringatan mengenai partisi mana saja yang akan digunakan untuk installasi. Jika semuanya sudah sesuai, klik tombol “Continue”.
Cara Install Elementary OS Loki (Panduan Lengkap)
Selanjutnya pilih lokasi tempat kamu tinggal. Biasanya elementary OS dapat mengenali lokasi kamu dengan otomatis.
Jika tidak, kamu bisa memilih lokasi secara manual. Kemudian klik tombol “Continue”.
Cara Install Elementary OS Loki (Panduan Lengkap)
Selanjutnya kamu akan masuk ke menu pemilihan layout keyboard. Jika kamu sudah terbiasa dengan layout qwerty, maka biarkan default saja. Klik “Continue”.
Cara Install Elementary OS Loki (Panduan Lengkap)
Selanjutnya kamu bisa mulai mengisi nama, username, dan password. Isi sesuai dengan keinginan kamu.
Jika sudah terisi semua, klik tombol “Continue”.
Cara Install Elementary OS Loki (Panduan Lengkap)
Kemudian elementary OS akan mulai “ditanamkan” ke PC atau laptop kamu. Berikut ini adalah tampilannya.
Cara Install Elementary OS Loki (Panduan Lengkap)
Tunggulah sampai proses installasi selesai. Biasanya hanya memakan waktu antara 5 sampai 10 menit.
Sampai disini, kamu boleh mulai menyeruput Creamy Latte yang tadi sudah kamu persiapkan. Nunggu jadi ngga bete ‘kan?
Ketika proses installasi selesai, akan muncul kotak dialog yang menyuruh kamu untuk merestart PC/laptop. Klik tombol “Restart Now”.
Cara Install Elementary OS Loki (Panduan Lengkap)
Terakhir, cabut flashdisk installasi kemudian tekan enter.
Cara Install Elementary OS Loki (Panduan Lengkap)
Maka PC/laptop kamu akan restart secara otomatis dan segera boot ke elementary OS. Masukkan password yang tadi kamu buat pada saat sebelum proses installasi.
Cara Install Elementary OS Loki (Panduan Lengkap)
Berikut ini adalah tampilan elementary OS dalam kondisi fresh install.
Cara Install Elementary OS Loki (Panduan Lengkap)
Selamat, sekarang kamu bisa mulai menggunakan elementary OS untuk sehari-hari. Kamu bisa ngeblog, main sosmedmengedit foto, dan lainnya.

Selasa, 08 Agustus 2017

Is Bitcoin Sharia Compliant?

Share-info92.blogspot.com

This is intended for a Muslim audience but I will endeavor to make it accessible to a general audience. It is really an appeal to Muslims for a little monetary sanity.
I am  in the uncomfortable position of being the only person I know even remotely qualified to answer this question. There’s no pride in that claim, but despair for the lack of interest in this subject in the Muslim community.
The Muslim scholars I’ve asked don’t really understand what Bitcoin is, and the average Bitcoin enthusiast doesn’t know anything about what has become a relatively esoteric area of Islamic law. So, I may be the only bridge between these two communities.
There are certain areas of Islamic law that only apply to money, specifically the rules for lending and the rules for charity, which is why we see the emergence of so-called “Sharia compliant” banking and “Zakat eligible” charity in the West. In fact, many have speculated that quashing Islamic banking is the real reason that central planners target Muslim countries, and targeting Islamic charities has absolutely been part of their domestic policy.
Zakat is an annual charity given by Muslims, calculated as 2.5% of their surplus wealth, including certain commodities, like precious metals. The money should go to the poor, the hungry, the orphan, or the traveler as directly as possible.
Now, I have serious doubts about the validity of paper money. I don’t see how a paper note printed by the Federal Reserve is any different from a paper note printed by Parker Brothers, and we don’t give Zakat on Monopoly money. It is only out of an abundance of caution that I give Zakat on paper money. I give Zakat on my precious metals with precious metals, and give a separate donation on my paper money with paper money. I will not give Zakat on precious metals with paper money, which means I had to find a Zakat eligible charity that would accept precious metals. I give to the Hidaya Foundation because I admire the integrity of their work, and I trust them to use my contribution with the correct intention. But no Zakat eligible charity that I know of accepts Bitcoin.
We’ve got to start by asking, “What is money in Islam?” To answer this I rely on the works of Imran Hosein, specifically his book “The Gold Dinar and Silver Dirham.” He is one of the most reliable Islamic scholars I know of on the subject.
Imran Hosein identifies six commodities that were used as money in Muhammad’s community. Gold and silver are explicitly mentioned in the Quran, but when they were in short supply the Muslims would use dates, wheat, barley and salt. Further, we have records of Muhammad applying the rules associated with money to these commodities, but not to other goods, like livestock, which were not used as money.
In later generations Muslims accepted some foreign coins, while rejecting others, and used other commodities in regions where the original six were uncommon. Rice in Indonesia, and sugar in Cuba for example.
So, why accept some coins and reject others? Why use some commodities, and not others? Imran Hosein identifies six traits common to all of these that amount to a definition of money in Islam.
  1. Money is either precious metals or food.
  2. Money is abundant and freely available.
  3. Money is durable and does not spoil or corrode.
  4. Money has intrinsic value.
  5. Money exists in creation and is made valuable by God.
  6. Money functions as a medium exchange.
I actually want to dispute the first trait. Imran Hosein is inferring the requirement of being metal or food from the original list, but that’s not explicit in the text. It may be that those commodities were used because they best fulfilled the other five traits. In explaining the first requirement he writes:
“Some scholars of Islam argue that mankind is free to use anything, even a grain of sand, as money. They then go on to declare that there is no prohibition to printing paper for use as money and then assigning any value to the paper. Our response is that only Allah Most High is al-Razzaq, the Creator of wealth. Whoever attempts to assume the divine prerogative by creating wealth out of paper, or arbitrarily assigning to grains of sand a value quite different from their natural value, would be guilty of Shirk (Idolatry).”
His objection to sand and paper is not that they are not metal or food, but that they have no intrinsic value. When describing intrinsic value, natural value, and God given value, which he uses interchangeably, his test is that the value is determined by supply and demand, and not artificially assigned by central planners. It seems to me, if a commodity is not metal nor food, but fulfills the other five traits it would make perfectly good money. For example, the Rai stones of Micronesia, the Wampum beads used by some Native Americans, or beaver pelts used as currency in pre-Revolutionary America.
Now we’ve got to ask, “What is Bitcoin?”
Bitcoin is a digital currency that is circulated within a world-wide peer-to-peer network. The network contains a public ledger of all transactions called the Blockchain, and private balances associated with user created accounts. While processing transactions Bitcoin minors attempt to solve a difficult math problem. When the solution is discovered a new block is created in the Blockchain and the minor is rewarded with new Bitcoins, which they distribute into circulation by transacting with other users. The production of Bitcoins decreases over time at a fixed rate, and can never exceed 21 million by design, but more importantly it can’t be manipulated by central planners.
Each public transaction has a corresponding private key so only the recipient can make the next transaction. Transactions are broadcast to the network, recorded in the ledger, and a new key is created giving the recipient effective ownership of the Bitcoin even though the information technically exists on every computer in the network.
The result is that Bitcoins can be exchanged freely by anyone in the network, even through national sanctions. This can be done without any central bank or government. It can be done from anywhere in the world that has access to the network. And it can potentially be done anonymously.
So how does this measure up to our definition of money?
First, is it a precious metal or a food? Well no, but as I’ve argued, I’m not sure this is a good criterion.
Second, is it of abundant supply and freely available? Absolutely. Anyone can become a Bitcoin miner simply by devoting the necessary computer processes, or they can acquire Bitcoin by exchanging some other currency for it, or accepting it as payment.
Third, is it durable? Absolutely. If you save your Bitcoins on a flash drive and hide it under your mattress for 20 years the data will still be intact. It is possible that the data could be corrupted, so it’s not as durable as gold or silver, but it is at least as durable as wheat or barley.
Fourth, does it have intrinsic value? People ask me what Bitcoin is backed by. The answer is it’s only valuable because people value it. What is gold backed by? The answer is the same. It’s only valuable because people value it. There is no central planner proclaiming that Bitcoin is valuable. It’s backed by itself, and that’s what intrinsic value means. Some people value it for the potential anonymity, others because it can be transferred over the internet without fees, others for the peace of mind that their account can’t be frozen by central planners. Whatever reason people value Bitcoin, it is for characteristics inherent to its design, not outside it.
Fifth, does it exist in creation, and is it made valuable by God? This is difficult to answer because it’s not typically part of an economic analysis. The test for this, according to Imran Hosein, is that the price is determined by supply and demand, and not arbitrarily by a central planner. So, for example, early Muslims accepted foreign copper coins, even though copper wasn’t one of the original six commodities used by Muhammad’s community, but they ignored the face value of the coin and traded it at the market price of copper. Bitcoin has no face value. No central planner arbitrarily assigns a value to it different from their natural value. Exchange sites like MtGox trade Bitcoin like Kitco trades gold at a market driven price.
I think of it like this. Gold exists in creation, but it has no utility until it is mined and made into a useful form. It requires human work and design to unlock its value. Similarly, solutions to math problems exist in creation, maybe not materially, but they are discovered not invented. But they aren’t valuable until they are given utility through the work of Bitcoin minors and the design of the Bitcoin network. The economic laws that govern price fluctuations reflect a God given value, even if the form of the Bitcoin program, like a coin, is of human design. For me, Bitcoin satisfies this requirement, but I could see how others might dispute that conclusion.
Sixth, does it function as a medium of exchange? Absolutely. Bitcoin is used by thousands of people every day to buy, sell and trade and is divisible down to eight decimal places.
So, of our six requirements of money in Islam, Bitcoin easily satisfies four, satisfies one that could be disputed, and doesn’t satisfy one. And the one it fails to satisfy is the one I’d argue is an unnecessary requirement.
What if we compare that with paper money? Paper money is not metal or food. Because of inflation it is not durable, but devalues over time. Its value is not intrinsic, but comes from legal tender laws that obligate its use. Its price is not determined by supply and demand, but set by central planners. Paper money only fulfills two of these requirements. It is abundant, and it functions as a medium of exchange, and even then only because it is required by secular ­­­­law.
At best paper money fulfills two of the six traits of money in Islamic law, while Bitcoin fulfills four or five. So, Muslims who regard paper as money should certainly regard Bitcoin as money, probably more-so, and Muslims who reject paper money and are searching for alternatives should take a long hard look at Bitcoin. We operate in a market where physical precious metal is not nearly as prevalent among the common people as it was in the past. I see a kind of balanced elegance to the fact that in the past food based economies resorted to food when precious metal was scarce, and today our digital economy may resort to digital currency when precious metal is scarce, or even criminalized. So, I’m calling it money. You can certainly disagree if you wish. But I’ve got a donation waiting for the first Zakat eligible charity that accepts Bitcoin.